Association Between Alcohol Expectancy and Drinking Behaviors in Summer Vacation and Last Year Among College Students.

Background: Drinking in summer vacation, as an important part of college students' drinking behavior, has rarely been studied. At present, there is no research to explore the association between alcohol expectancy and college students' drinking behavior during the summer vacation. Methods: A total of 487 college students were selected from three universities in Chongqing from July 30, 2017, to August 30, 2017, by cluster sampling. The electronic questionnaires were distributed to complete the anonymous survey related to drinking. The questionnaire on drinking mainly included baseline characteristics, influencing factors related to drinking, drinking behavior in the last year and summer vacation, and alcohol expectancy. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for multi-factor analysis. Multi-level logistic regression analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis were used for multivariate analysis. Results: The past drinking rate in the study group was 86.24%. In the past year, the drinking rate and binge drinking rate of college students were 63.24% and 23.20%. In summer drinking, these two indicators were 29.57% and 8.42%, respectively. About 92.50% of the moderate and heavy drinking groups among college students had drinking behavior during the summer vacation. The average negative expectancy among college students was 3.26 ± 0.87 while the average positive expectancy was 2.63 ± 0.66. In drinking last year, positive expectancy was a risk factor for occasional and light drinking compared with those of non-drinkers (P<0.05). In summer vacation drinking, compared with those of non-drinkers, negative expectancy was a protective factor for occasional drinking (OR: 1.847, 95% CI: 1.293-2.638), negative expectancy and positive expectancy were both influencing factors for light drinking (P<0.05). Conclusion: The drinking rate in the study group was at a high level in the past. The association between alcohol expectancy and drinking behavior among college students would be different according to the period and amount of drinking.

Childhood abuse and association with adult depressive symptoms among people with cardiovascular disease.

Background: To study the association between the total/different types of childhood abuse and adult depressive symptoms in people with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: The subjects were people with CVD who continuously participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) life history survey and the 2018 wave of the CHARLS national baseline Survey. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between emotional neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse and adult depressive symptoms. Results: A total of 4,823 respondents were included in this study. The incidence of childhood abuse (existed emotional neglect, physical neglect or physical abuse) was 43.58% among people over 45 years old with CVD, which was higher than that of the general population (36.62%, p < 0.05). Adjusted model showed that overall childhood abuse was associated with adult depressive symptoms (OR = 1.230, 95%CI:1.094-1.383). Among different types of childhood abuse, only physical abuse was associated with depressive symptoms in adulthood (OR = 1.345, 95%CI:1.184-1.528). Conclusion: Compared with that of the general population, the incidence of childhood abuse in CVD population is higher. Physical abuse in childhood increased the risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood. It suggested that the occurrence of depressive symptoms was the result of related factors in the whole life course. In order to prevent the depressive symptoms, childhood abuse also needs to be considered. It is very important to identify and prevent the continuation of childhood abuse in time.

Co-Development and Bidirectional Associations Between Psychological Stress and Obesity in School-Aged Children: A Longitudinal Study in China.

OBJECTIVE: Psychological stress (PS) has always been a hot topic for researchers to investigate the potential determinants of childhood overweight/obesity. Up to now, cohort studies investigating the relationship between PS and childhood obesity have used different ways to assess PS, different indicators to measure obesity, and different analysis methods, and the results were also inconsistent. METHODS: Data were obtained from the second to eighth follow-up of an ongoing cohort of school-aged children in Chongqing, China (June 2015-June 2018), with seven waves (W1-W7, NW1 = 1419). The latent growth curve model was used to estimate the co-developmental trends between PS and obesity (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were constructed to examine their longitudinal bidirectional associations. RESULTS: The changes in PS and obesity (BMI, WHtR) were co-developing ( rBMI = -1.105, p = .003; rWHtR = -0.991, p = .004). Longitudinal models showed significant negative correlations between PS and obesity at the between-person level ( rBMI = -4.993; rWHtR = -1.591). BMI at W3 could negatively predict PS 6 months later ( ß = -1.508, p = .027), and WHtR at W1 could negatively predict PS at W3 ( ß = -2.809, p = .014). Different aspects of PS had different associations with obesity. Notably, there was a significant reciprocal relationship between peer interaction PS and obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Different aspects of PS were differentially associated with obesity. Notably, there may be a clear reciprocal relationship between peer interaction PS and obesity. These findings provide new directions for protecting children's mental health to prevent or control childhood overweight/obesity.

Using the Baidu index to understand Chinese interest in thyroid related diseases.

Common thyroid diseases are hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid tumor and so on. Baidu is currently the most widely used online search tool in China, has developed an internet search trends collection and analysis tool called the Baidu Index. The aim of the present study was to understand the trend and characteristics of public's online attention to thyroid diseases, and to explore the value of Baidu Index in monitoring online retrieval behavior of thyroid-related information. Taking the period from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019 as the time range into consideration, we used the big data analysis tool of Baidu Index and took "thyroid nodules", "thyroid cancer", "thyroiditis" "hyperthyroidism" and "hypothyroidism" as the keywords, the data of "search index" and "media index" were recorded on a weekly basis, and all information were aggregated into quarterly and annual to generate the final data which was carried out for secondary analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the search index of keywords and the year. One-way Analysis of Variance was used to analyze the differences between search index and media index. Among the five keywords, thyroid nodule search index had the highest growth rate (640%), followed by thyroid cancer (298%). The media's attention to thyroid diseases had been declining year by year. Unlike the public's attention, the media index of hyperthyroidism was significantly higher than other keywords. Over the past nine years, the public's attention to thyroid-related diseases has been increasing gradually. Baidu Index is an effective tool to track the health information query behavior of Chinese internet users, which can provide a cost-effective supplement to traditional monitoring system.

The effect of childhood socioeconomic status on depressive symptoms in middle-old age: the mediating role of life satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Some studies have shown that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) can influence the development and progression of depression in adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the effects of childhood SES on depressive symptoms in individuals of middle-old age and examine the potential mediating role of life satisfaction based on national data in China. METHODS: Data were derived from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data. A total of 17,129 individuals who were aged 45 years and older were included. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms in middle-old age. Childhood SES was the independent variable, and life satisfaction was the mediator. This study controlled four factors: general demographic characteristics, adult SES, childhood adversity and health and living status. Pearson correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed, and the Baron and Kenny method was used to test the mediating role. RESULTS: The score of depressive symptoms among all participants was 7.88 ± 6.65. Gender, age, adult SES, childhood adversity and health and living status all affected the development of depression symptom in middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. After adjusting for all covariates, the higher the childhood SES, the lower the depressive symptom score (ß = - 0.422, P < 0.001). Life satisfaction had a partial mediating effect between childhood SES and depressive symptoms. Low childhood SES may improve life satisfaction (ß = 0.051, P < 0.001) and life satisfaction indirectly decreases depressive symptom scores (ß = - 0.403, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Life satisfaction was a partial mediator between childhood SES and depressive symptoms in middle and old age. Improving life satisfaction may serve as an intervention to reduce the incidence of depression symptoms in the future.

LncRNAs PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 negatively regulate each other to participate in endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC), also known as corpus cancer or corpus uterine cancer, is the most frequently diagnosed genital cancer among women in developed countries. Our preliminary RNA-seq analysis revealed the inverse correlation between the expression of PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 across EC tissues, indicating the possible interaction between them. This study aimed to explore the interaction between two long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 in EC. Investigation of the interaction between two lncRNAs in cancer biology is a novel topic. The expression of PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 in EC and paired non-tumor tissues from 60 EC patients were determined by RT-qPCR. Correlations between them were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 were overexpressed in EC cells to study the relationship between them. The roles of PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 in regulating the proliferation of EC cells were assessed by CCK-8 assay. PSMG3-AS1 was upregulated, while MEG3 was downregulated in EC. Across EC tissues, the expression of PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 were inversely correlated. In EC cells, overexpression of PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 resulted in the downregulation of each other. In cell proliferation assay, PSMG3-AS1 promoted cell proliferation, and MEG3 inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, the proliferation rate of cells co-transfected with PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 expression vectors was not different from that in cells without transfections. In conclusion, PSMG3-AS1 and MEG3 may negatively regulate each other to regulate EC cell proliferation.

Effect of Health Literacy on Decision Delay in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Health literacy (HL) is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, and shorter pre-hospital delay time is crucial for successful treatment of acute myocardial infraction (AMI) patients. Most previous studies focused on the influencing factors of pre-hospital delay but ignore the essential contribution of decision delay. Aims: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of HL on decision delay. Methods: Continuously included AMI patients admitted to a grade A class three hospital in Chongqing. HL level was assessed using Brief Health Literacy Screen and categorized as adequate or inadequate. Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences between groups, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between HL and decision delay. Results: A total of 217 AMI patients were enrolled in this study, including 166 males (76.5%) and 51 females (23.5%), with the median age was 68 years old; 135 (62.2%) patients had delayed decision-making while 82 (37.8%) did not; 157 (72.7%) patients had inadequate HL and 59 (27.3%) had adequate HL. The total HL score of non-delayed group was higher than that in delayed group (9.22 vs. 7.02, P < 0.000). Conclusion: After adjusting for covariates, HL was significantly negatively associated with decision time. AMI patients with inadequate HL were more likely to delay seeking timely medical care.

Relationships Between Internet Use and Sleep Duration in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PURPOSE: Most studies that examined the relationship between internet use and sleep were conducted mainly in children and adolescents, and we know little about the use of internet among adults. The purpose of this study is to understand the internet use patterns of Chinese adults and to measure their associations with sleep duration from variety, frequency and type. METHODS: A total of 19,730 samples were selected from 2018 data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal study. Internet usage was obtained by specific questions, and the range of sleep period was grouped according to recommendations from the National Sleep Foundation. Kruskal-Wallis H-test and the chi-squared test were used for basic descriptive analysis, and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between internet use and sleep duration. Stata version 15.0 was used for data cleaning, and SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistics analysis. RESULTS: After screening, a total of 6346 persons were included in the analysis, of which 3148 (49.61%) were males and 3198 (50.39%) were females. Age ranged from 21 to 95 years, most persons were over 45 years old, with the median age of 56 years. Only 1180 (18.59%) participants used the internet, and almost all of them used mobile phones (1137, 96.36%), the other three types were desktop computer (232, 19.66%), laptop computer (69, 5.85%) and tablet (73, 6.19%). There were 912 (77.28%) and 268 (22.71%) participants who used only one and two or more types, respectively. In the unadjusted model, both short sleep and long sleep were associated with internet use compared with normal sleep duration (0.806 [0.708-0.918] p = 0.001; 0.345 [0.251-0.475] p < 0.000). After adjusting for all covariates, the association between long sleep and internet use still persisted (0.612 [0.433-0.865] p = 0.005), but no significant difference was found in short sleep (0.929 [0.803-1.075] p = 0.325). CONCLUSION: Internet use was found to be closely associated with sleep and the duration of sleep negatively affected, which may provide new ideas for sleep hygiene recommendations and healthy media use. This conclusion needs more evidence to support.

Prevalence and Patterns of Comorbidity Among Middle-Aged and Elderly People in China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on CHARLS Data.

INTRODUCTION: Under the background of the accelerated aging of the population, comorbidity in the elderly has gradually become a social problem. At present, the related studies on chronic diseases are mainly focused on a single disease. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of common chronic diseases, the conditions and patterns of comorbidity in middle-aged and elderly people in China. METHODS: We extracted the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 14 diseases were included, and the prevalence was assessed by self-report. We calculate different disease combinations and perform descriptive statistics analysis of chronic disease and comorbidity status. RESULTS: Among the 6754 subjects, 2833 (42.0%) people had at least one chronic disease, and 1138 (17.0%) people had two or more diseases at the same time. The top three diseases of prevalence were hypertension (15.4%), arthritis or rheumatism (11.0%), and stomach or digestive diseases (9.3%). Common dual disease combinations were hypertension and dyslipidemia, hypertension and arthritis or rheumatism, arthritis or rheumatism and stomach or digestive diseases. CONCLUSION: Comorbidity is common in the population, and the pattern of chronic disease comorbidity is complex. Hypertension exists in a variety of comorbidity patterns, and its screening and prevention should be strengthened.

Effect of Interventions on Learning Burnout: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of all intervention for learning burnout by meta-analyzing their effects. Methods: Relevant studies that had been published up to September 18, 2020, were identified through a systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang databases. Eligible studies included randomized control trials of any learning burnout intervention conducted among students. The Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the study. Random-effect meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, meta-regression analysis, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Duval and Tweedie's non-parametric trim-and-fill method was used to adjust the effect of publication bias. Results: Of the 5,245 articles found, 39 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. There were 3,400 students, including 1,847 students in the intervention group and 1,553 in the control group. A meta-analysis of 44 studies showed that the interventions were effective. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to education, scales, intervention measures, and intervention time. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the learning burnout scores of undergraduates, secondary vocational students, and middle school students were significantly lower. Based on different scales, all interventions were also effective. The funnel plot was asymmetric and consistent with the results of Egger's test. The trim-and-fill method was used, and seven missing studies were merged to obtain a symmetric funnel plot. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that learning burnout interventions are effective. The subgroup analyses showed that group counseling is the most widely used, exercise intervention is probably the most effective, and 8 weeks or more is the appropriate intervention time. An integrated intervention study based on the factors of learning burnout adds value. More studies are needed to supplement the results in the future.

Effects of rare CYP2C9 alleles on stable warfarin doses in Chinese Han patients with atrial fibrillation.

Aim: Gene polymorphisms are critical in warfarin dosing variation. Here, the role of rare CYP2C9 alleles on warfarin doses in Chinese Han patients was investigated. Methods: A retrospective study recruited 681 warfarin treated atrial fibrillation patients. The genetic and clinical data were collected. Dose-related variables were selected by univariate analyses and the warfarin-dosing algorithm was derived by multivariate regression analysis. Results: Three rare CYP2C9 alleles (CYP2C9*13, *16 and *60) were associated with lower stable doses. Inclusion of the rare CYP2C9 alleles in the prediction model added an extra 3.7% warfarin dose predictive power. Conclusion:CYP2C9*13, *16 and *60 was associated with lower stable warfarin doses in Chinese patients. The algorithm including rare CYP2C9 alleles tends to more accurately predict stable warfarin doses.